Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation 203144 Decode
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the necessity and importance of measurement and instrumentation. 2. To know about various types of measurement techniques, instruments and sensors. 3. To learn to apply proper methods of measurement and use of sensors in instrumentation. Course Outcomes:
After completion of this course, the students will be able to:
CO1: Define various characteristic and classify measuring instruments along with range
extension techniques. CO3: Apply measurement techniques for measurement of resistance, inductance and capacitance. CO4: Demonstrate construction, working principle of electrodynamo type and induction type
instruments for measurement of power and energy. CO5: Make use of CRO for measurement of voltage, current and frequency. CO6: Classify transducer and apply it for measurement of physical parameters in real time. Unit 01: (7 Hrs)
A. Classification of Measuring Instruments: Characteristics of measuring instruments: static
and dynamic, accuracy, linearity, speed of response, dead zone, repeatability, resolution, span, reproducibility, drifts. Necessity of calibration, standards and their classification, absolute and
secondary instruments, types of secondary instruments: indicating, integrating, and recording, analog / digital. Ammeter and Voltmeter Theory: Essentials of indicating instruments deflecting, controlling and damping systems. Construction, working principle, torque equation, advantages
and disadvantages of Moving Iron (MI) instruments (attraction and repulsion). block diagram and
operation of digital ammeter & voltmeter. B. Range Extension: Instrument Transformers : Construction, connection of CT & PT in the
circuit, advantages of CT / PT for range extension of MI Instruments, transformation ratio, turns
ratio, nominal ratio, burden, ratio and phase angle error.(descriptive treatment only)
Unit 02: (6 Hrs)
A. Measurement of Resistance: Measurement of low, medium and high resistance. Wheatstone
bridge, Kelvin’s double bridge, ammeter-voltmeter method, megger. Earth tester for earth
resistance measurement. B. Measurement of Inductance: Introduction, sources and detectors for A.C. bridge, general
equation for bridge at balance. Maxwell’s inductance, Maxwell’s inductance – Capacitance
Bridge, Anderson’s bridge. Unit 03: (6 Hrs)
Measurement of Power: Construction, working principle, torque equation, errors and their
compensation, advantages and disadvantages of dynamometer type wattmeter, low power factor
wattmeter, poly-phase wattmeter. Active & reactive power measurement in three phase system
for balanced and unbalanced load using three wattmeter method, two wattmeter method & one
wattmeter method. Unit 04: (5 Hrs)
Measurement of Energy: Construction, working principle, torque equation of single phase
conventional (induction type) energy meter. Block diagram and operation of single phase and
three phase static energy meter. Calibration of static energy meter. TOD mete
Unit 05: (6 Hrs)
A. Oscilloscope: Introduction, various parts, front panel controls, use of CRO for measurement of
voltage, current, period, frequency. Phase angle & frequency by Lissajous pattern. Introduction to
DSO. B. Transducers: Introduction, classification, types: resistive, inductive, capacitive, basic
requirements for transducers. C. Pressure Measurement: Introduction, classification of pressure as low, medium & high, absolute, gauge, vacuum, static, dynamic & head pressure. High pressure measurement using
electric methods, low pressure measurement by McLeod gauge and pirani gauge, capacitive
pressure transducer. Unit 06: (6 Hrs)
A. Level Measurement: Introduction and importance of level measurement, level measurement
methods: mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, nucleonic and ultrasonic. B. Displacement Measurement: LVDT & RVDT – construction, working, applications, specifications, advantages & disadvantages, effect of frequency on performance. C. Strain Gauge: Introduction, definition of strain, types of strain gauge: wire strain gauge, foil
strain gauge, semiconductor strain gauge; their construction, working, advantages and
disadvantages. Industrial Visit(s)
Minimum one visit should be arranged to electrical instrument manufacturing company or where
electrical instruments are calibrated or where various measuring instruments
(Electrical/Mechanical) can be seen or observed.
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